URS | The Foundation of CSV

The User Requirements Specification (URS) defines what the user expects from the system from a business and compliance perspective, without describing technical design. It is the starting point for risk assessment, testing, and traceability in CSV.

Why URS is Critical:

URS drives:

  • Risk Assessment
  • FRS / DS
  • IQ / OQ / PQ testing
  • Traceability

If a requirement is not in URS, it should not be tested. (Reference: FDA — General Principles of Software Validation.)

What a Good URS Includes:

  • Intended use & GxP impact
  • Functional requirements
  • User access & security
  • Audit trail & data integrity (ALCOA+)
  • Backup, restore, and data retention

All requirements must be clear and testable. (Reference: EU Annex 11)

What to Avoid:

URS should not include design or technical details—these belong to FRS / DS. Clear separation ensures proper validation and traceability.


Related Topics:

URS GuidelineCSVAntibiotic Stewardship
BioavailabilityBiotechnologyBioinformatics

Reference: ISPE GAMP 5

Leave a Comment