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Bound Water vs Free Water
Understanding water states is essential in formulation, stability, and lyophilization. Here’s the simplest breakdown: Bound Water Free Water Why it ...
Understanding D50 in Particle Size Distribution of API – Why It Matters!
In pharmaceutical development, Particle Size Distribution (PSD) is a critical quality attribute—especially for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). Among the PSD ...
API/Drug Substance Selection in Generic Development – Key Points
With 15 years of experience in formulation research and technology transfer, I’ve seen how critical it is to finalize the ...
Isolators in Pharma Industry
Isolators are sealed enclosures that maintain a Grade A (ISO 5) environment using HEPA filtration and unidirectional airflow. Operators manipulate ...
Disodium EDTA in Eye Drops Preparation
Disodium EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is often used in eye drop preparations for its chelating properties, which help to stabilize formulations ...
Half-life vs Shelf life vs Expiry Date
One of the most misunderstood concepts — even by professionals! Let’s break it down in such a way that even ...
Why Do Syrups Expire Faster Than Tablets?
A tablet has an expiry of 2–3 years. But a liquid syrup? Often just 6 months after opening — sometimes ...
Why Do We Check Disintegration Time (DT) in Acidic and Buffer Media?
Disintegration Time (DT) testing is a cornerstone of oral dosage form development. But why is DT tested in acidic (pH ...
Various Statistical Methods in Pharma | A Key to Data-Driven Decisions
In the pharmaceutical industry, statistical methods play a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and compliance of data across ...
Types of Water in Pharmaceutical Industry
Water is the most widely used raw material in pharmaceutical manufacturing, but did you know that different grades of water ...
Purple Book vs Orange Book
Purple Book The Purple book is a list of biological products, including biosimilars and interchangeable biological products, approved or licensed ...
Purified Water vs. Deionized Water
Purified Water (PW) and Deionized Water (DI Water) are related but not exactly the same, although Deionized Water can be ...